72 ответов в теме

[Magnus Maximus]

Алексей, в Нете есть несколько ирландских хроник, в том числе великолепные Annals of Ulster и Annals of Four Masters.

[Voin Vereska]

Arctur, таки да, с начала 14 века галлоглэхи - профессиональные дружинники, и доспех уже на уровне. письменые источники есть - ссылку на статью кинул в тему.
Ищу больше изобразительных источников до 1330 года.

Так что ровнять галлоглэхов с "голопузыми" ирландцами - крестьянами не стоит

С уважением, Алексей.

[Voin Vereska]

Алексей, в Нете есть несколько ирландских хроник, в том числе великолепные Annals of Ulster и Annals of Four Masters.

Magnus Maximus, спасибо за инфу.

А ссылочки на эти мунускрипты выложете?

Признателен.

Алексей.

[Magnus Maximus]

https://celt.ucc.ie/publishd.html

[Rhys]

Барельеф 15 века (точнее, увы не помню, до книжки, где его и подобные видел, сейчас не добраться пусть кто знает поправит).

[Magnus Maximus]

скорее, конца xiv и, сдается мне, тот же, на основании коего дана прорисовка у Йэна Хита.
оттуда же:
IRELAND
Irish organisation
Although Irish kings or chiefs could call on their freemen for military service in wartime through the right of expedicio (all freemen being expected to bear arms), most armies raised during this period were composed chiefly of mercenaries. The freeman's principal military obligation was the maintenance of such soldiers, who were quartered on him in peacetime by right of coinnmheadh or buannacht by which the freeman was obliged to lodge and provision the soldier. The more common of these terms, buannacht, which the English called «bonnaght», occurs in various treaties and documents from 1260 onwards, which is confirmed in a treaty of 1449 between Enrj 6'Neili and the Earl of Ulster wherein bonnaght is described as going back nearly 200 years. It actually meant military service, being the abstract noun of buana, meaning a mercenary or permanent soldier, and as a result the soldiers maintained by this means were themselves often called bonnaghts; this was particularly true of the light-armed foot-soldiers, the kerns (ceithearna). The English in Ireland also adopted this system, calling it “'coign and livery”.
The most important type of mercenary was the galloglaich or 'foreign warrior', a type of medium-heavy foot-soldier coming originally from the Western Isles and west coast of Scotland but by the 15th century also including native Irishmen amongst both their leaders and the rank and file. Their early history is set out in Armies of Feudal Europe (page 12). Their basic unit was the spar (or sparr), comprising the galloglaich himself and one or two servants to attend him or act as his armour-bearers. A galloglaich company or corughadh nominally comprised 100 or 120 such spars but in reality totalled only 80 or 87 depending on local practice. The pay and provisions of the absent 20 or more spars provided the company commander's salary; similarly, companies of 100 kern in fact numbered only 92 men. Galloglaich chiefs called consapals (i.e., constables) probably commanded the corughadhs, the title of constable in fact being applied to the commander of any individual body of troops. High Constables and Chief Constables are also mentioned in the sources.
The constable of a galloglaich company received in addition to his normal pay a war-horse and a hack for each quarter-year he served, galloglaich being usually hired by the quarter-year until c. 1400, after which many began to be employed on a more permanent basis. The first formal arrangement for galloglaich service was probably that made between Turlough O’Donnell, King of Tyrconnell 1380-1422, and MacSweeney Fanad, by which, in exchange for grants of land and privileges, MacSweeney agreed to supply 2 galloglaich for each quarter of land he held whenever Turlough called for a general hosting (basically an arriere-ban, called in Ireland a 'rising out'). A fine of 2 cows was to be paid for each man missing (one for the man himself, and one for his armour), and the minimum equipment expected is then set out (see figure 31).
The use of galloglaich had become country-wide by the mid-15th century at the latest, though they were more widespread in Connaught, Ulster and Munster than in Leinster, the “degenerate English” being their chief employers in Munster. The chief galloglaich families were by then six in number, each with its own principal stamping ground. These were:
MacDonnell: the whole country, but particularly Ulster, Connaught and Leinster.
MacSweeney (MacSuibhne): Ulster, Munster and Connaught. The earliest recorded gall6glaich family in Irish sources (1267).
MacRory (Macruarie): mainly Tyrone and Connaught. First reference to MacRory galloglaich dates to 1342.
MacSheehy: initially in the north, then Munster from the 15th century.
MacDougall (MacDowell): mainly in the north, particularly under the O'Neills of Tyrone.
MacCabe: Leitrim, Cavan, Monaghan and Meath. First appearance of MacCabe galloglaich leaders dates to 1368.
The numbers of galloglaich employed by individual chieftains must have varied immensely. In 1458 Edmond MacWilliam Burke (chief captain of the Lower MacWilliams, an Anglo-Irish family) had '60 gallowglasses, and 60 retained kerns, and the cavalry of his own territory', while in 1460 Henry MacCabe's funeral was attended by 280 galloglaich. A somewhat larger array was that of Donnchad Murtough, King of Leinster, who in 1427 had in his rising out '8 battles of footmen arrayed in the guise of this country, that is every man in aketon, haubergeon, mail hood and bascinet, and in every battle they commonly have 200 men' (200 apparently being the generally recognised number of men in a galloglaich 'battle'). By the early-16th century, in fact, a contemporary estimate attributes to the Irish chiefs permanent forces comprising 2,460 galloglaich as well as 3,345 horsemen and 15,704 kern.
The horsemen referred to above were similarly maintained by buannacht, but compared to the infantry their numbers were small — the King of Tyrone had only 40 in 1397, for instance. These would be reinforced in wartime by the richer elements of the rising out. In addition each horseman was accompanied by at least 2 and often 3 spare horses, each with its own 'horseboy' or servant who fought as a light cavalryman, principally in a skirmishing or raiding role. The less wealthy elements of the rising out fought on foot as kern.

[von Folkung]

Так что ровнять галлоглэхов с "голопузыми" ирландцами - крестьянами не стоит

А я разве равняю? Алексей, просто не нужно путать понятия, обер и обержон, то что носили галлоглэхи является длиннорукавным обержоном.

[Magnus Maximus]

А не будет ли любезен почтенный сэр четко нам пояснить понятия обержон и обер?

[von Folkung]

Да как два байта отослать:

https://tgorod.ru/index.p....ntid=31

Ищем Haubergeon (обержон) & Hauberk (обер)

Правда немного не согласен с определением обера, всё таки руковички и капюшон это именно его привелегия.

[Magnus Maximus]

Haubergeon - (хаубержон) иногда переводится как короткий хауберк, но скорее всего слова хауберк и хаубержон были синонимами;

---- Надо же. Всю жизнь думал, что отсутствие рукавиц и, вероятно, капюшона и есть признаки обержона. В противном случае, например, как объяснить обержон и обер сержантов и рыцарей ордена Храма соответственно?

[von Folkung]

Всю жизнь думал, что отсутствие рукавиц и, вероятно, капюшона и есть признаки обержона.

Вот и я тебе про те же органы.

[Rusia]

Статья, выложенная недавно на сайте https://www.13c.ru
Одежда и этническая принадлежность в средневековых Шотландии и Ирландии
Автор: Dr P. Z. Dransart, “Dress and Identity in Medieval Perth: The Evidence from the Site” © 2001
Переводчик: Часовитина Ольга Владимировна (Руся) © 2006
https://www.13c.ru/te...Irish_dress.pdf

Статья охватывает период с 12 по 16 вв.

Изменено: Rusia, 09 Январь 2007 - 06:48

[Magnus Maximus]

К упоминанию голых скоттов (кстати, имхо лучше "гэллоуэйцы", это уроженцы области Гэллоуэя) могу добавить Джордана Фантома - если завершу когда-нить статью о второй битве при Алнвике 1174, процитирую непременно.